,laÈjg jevujQ YS% o<od jykafia m<uqj wkqrmqr rdcOdksfhys jevisá w;r i;=re Wmøjhka yd ÿ¾j, md,lhka we;sùu uq,afldg rdcOdks udreùu;a iu`. fmdf<dkakrej" oUfoKsh" hdmyqj" l=reKE.," .`.isßmqr ^.ïm,&" fldaÜfÜ ^chj¾Okmqr& iy iS;djl l=reúg fo,a.uq rcuyd úydrfhys jevisg l%s' j' 1592 jekafka§ m<uqjk úu,O¾uiQßh rcq oji isxy,fha wjika rdcOdksh jQ fixlv.,mqr rdcOdkshg jevujQy'

wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksfhys uyfika rcqf.a mq;a ls;aisßfujka ^l%s' j' 301 - 328& rc meñKs kj jk j¾Ifha§ YS% o<od jykafia ,laÈjg jevu lrjk ,oy' oUÈj l<s`.= rg rc l< .=yiSj rcqf.a ÈhKsh fyauud,d l=ußh yd oka; l=ure .x.d kï .x uqjfodr msysá ;du%,sma;s mÜgkfhka ^ngysr fnx.d,fha ;ï¨la m%foaYfhka& keõ ke.S ,xldmÜgkh ^;%sl=Kdu,fhys b,xflhs;=frhs& kï f;dgqm,g f.dvnei rg wNHka;rhg .uka l<y' tla;rd nuqfKl=f.ka wd.ka;=l ix.%y ú| u`.f;dg wid wkqrmqr w.kqjr n,d .uka wrUd" YS% o<od jykafia ,laÈjg jevujd uvqlkao m%foaYh miqlr ú;a wkqrdOmqrhg b;d wdikakfha fï>.sß fyj;a biqreuqKs úydrfhys kej;S isák mqj; tu úydrjdis NslaIq kulf.ka oek.;a ls;aisßfujka rcq wm%udK m%S;shg m;aj fï>.sß úydrhg meñKsfhah' fulS fï>.sß úydria:dkh ms<sn| u;fNao mj;S' we;ful=f.a u;h uvqlkao m%foaYfha oekg olakg ,efnk oka; Od;=ka jykafia jevisáhyhs ie,flk kgnqka ia:dkh fï>.sß úydrh njhs'
mqrdúoHd uydpd¾h fikr;a mrKú;dk iQßkaf.a u;h fï>.sß úydrh hkq j¾;udk biqreuqKs úydrh njhs' uydjxYhg wkqj biqreuqKsh uq,skau lrjk ,oafoa foajdkïmsh;siai ^l%s' mQ' 236 - 210& rcq úisks' mkaishhla biqreu;a mqreIhka ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafiaf.ka meúÈ nj ,nd jevjdih l< fyhska fuku fhÿkehs ie,fla' miq lf,l jiN rcq" fjdydßl;siai rcq" uydldYHm rcq wdÈ rc orejka fuys wNsjDoaêhg lghq;= l<y' tys we;s leghï w;r ñksid yd wYaj ysi b;d jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' fikr;a mrKú;dk uy;dg wkqj fuu rEm foflka m¾ckH yd w.aks ksrEmKh jk nj m%ldYs;h' bka l,g jeis yd ysre t<sh ,eîu ixfla;j;a jk nj mejfia' tys§ o<od jykafia ÿgq rcq ;=< tys meyeh ms<sn| ielhla we;súh' tu is;=ú,a, iu`.u o<od jykafia wyia l=ig mek ke.S olaIsKdjD;a;j .uka fldg h<s lr`vqfõ jev isáhy'

ls;aisß fujka rc f;fï YS% o<od jykafia yd wUq ieu hqj, buy;a Nla;sfhka ms<sf.k nqoaOd,ïnk m%S;sfhka m<s`.= ñfKka ksujk ,o úis;=re lr`vqjl YS% o<od jykafia ;ekam;a fldg mqo i;aldr iys;j uy fmryßka wkqrmqr we;=,a kqjrg jevujdf.k meñK rc ud,s.fhys jvd ys÷jd mqo i;aldr mj;ajd wisßu;a fm<yr olskq ßis jQfhka isyiqk u; iqÿ we;sß,a,la ;nd ta u; o<od jykafia iqj| u,ska jeiSh' túg o<od jykafia iqj| u,a flñ u; jevys| iqÿ nqÿ/ia úysojdÆy' ;j ÿrg;a o<od jykafia mßlaIdjg n÷ka lrñka iqÿ ÿyq,a i¿ ishhlska o<od jykafia jik ,§' túg uy fmdf<dj lïmd úh' uy ihqr fkdie,S isáfhah' tu wisßu;a fm<yr ÿgq rcq o<od jykafia fj; f;jrla ,la rch mQcd l< nj lshefõ'

wjidkfhys foajdkïmsh;siai rcq úiska bÈlrk ,o Oïuplalf.ayfhys ;ekam;a l<y' Oïuplalf.ayh msysáfha uyfuõkd Whfkys uydmd,s odk Yd,dj wi,h' ls;aisßfujka rcq úiska tu o<od f.h fouy,a fldg ;kjd i;a rejkska ksul< o¾YkSh uKavmhla ;=< o<od jykafia jvd ys÷jd mqo i;aldr lrk ,o nj lshefõ' fuh ,laÈj m<uqjk o<od ud,s.djhs' úis;=re leghñka ksu fldg ;snQ fuu ue÷f¾ Èjd ? È<sfik iqúY,a moaurd. udKslHhka iúfldg ;snqK nj yshqxiEx NslaIqj jd¾;d lrhs' fuu f.dvke.s,a, o<od ud,s.dj jYfhka mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska o oekg y÷kdf.k we;' W;=re miska m%Odk fodrgqj msysgd ;snqKs' oekg fYaIj we;s .,a uKavmh ;=< fomiska .,ska ksujQ cfk,a mfilg fol ne.ska fhdod ;snQ nj fmfka' tys ffY,uh W¿jiai wo;a olakg yelsh' fYaIj we;s uqr.f,ys leghï lsisjla olakg fkd,efí' YS% o<od jykafia Wfoid wmuK mqo mQcd yd úis;=re fmryr meje;ajQ ls;aisßfujka rcq wkd.;fhys o tu mqo mQcd mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= njg ksfhda. mekùh'

fuu o<od f.h Od;=fiak rcq ^l%s' j' 455 - 473& ms<silr lrjd rka rejkska ksujQ lr`vqjl YS% o<od jykafia ;ekam;a l< nj i|yka fõ'
bkslaì;sj rc meñKs fojk fcÜG;siai" nqoaOodi" Wm;siai" uydkdu" Od;=fiak wdÈ rcjrekaf.a isg miajk uyskao rcq olajd wkqrmqr rdcOdksh lr.;a iEu krm;sfhl=u mdfya YS% o<od jykafia wdrlaId lsÍu yd mqo mQcd meje;aùu ;u mru hq;=lu fia ie,l+y'

fuu rcqka w;=frka m<uqfjks Wm;siai rcq oji ,laÈj uyd ÿ¾NslaIhla we;súh' th uev,kq jia NslaIQka jykafiaf.a Wmfoia mßÈ rcq fmfyjia iudokaj uyck;dj o fmfyjiays msysgqjd uyd ix>r;akh ,jd msß;a iÊcdhkh lrjd YS% o<od jykafiag mQfcdamydr olajd ÿ¾NslaIh j<lajd fok f,i i;Hl%shd lf<ah' tieKska YS% o<od jykafiaf.a n, uysufhka uyjeis we;sù frdaìh ÿreù ck;dj iqÅ; uqÈ; jQ nj uyd jxYfhys i|yka fõ'

wkqrmqr hq.fha wjidk Nd.fha rc meñKs miajk fiak rcq ^l%s' j' 972 - 981& yd miajk ñys÷ rcq ^l%s' j' 981 - 1029& hk md,lhka fofokdu ÿ¾j, md,lfhda jQy' Tyqg ckmo jeiafida wh fldgi kqÿkay' w;sYhska jia;= ySk jQ ta rcqg oijk wjqreÿfhys jegqma §fuka ish fiakd fmdfydkg fkdyels úh' jegqma fkd,enQ fiakdjka ler,s .eiQy' fï whqßka wkqrmqr rdcOdksfhys ìojeàu werôk'

fufia ;u rdcOdkshg i;=re ;¾ck t,a,jk wjia:djkays§ reyqKg fjk;a wdrlaIl ia:dkhlg o<od jykafia jevujdf.k f.dia wdrlaId lr.ekSug rcjreka fukau NslaIQka jykafia o tlaj Èú ysñfhka lghq;= l<y'
tfldf<diajk ishjfia§ øúv isxy, fomlaIfhau md,lfhda fmdf<kakrej ish rdcOdksh lr.;ay' l%s' j' 1073 § wkqrmqr§ YS% ix>fndaê úchndyq kñka wNsfIal ,enQ ls;a;s l=urd ^l%s' j' 1055 - 1110& fmdf<dkakrej úchrdc kñka y÷kajd iajlSh w.kqjr f,i f;dard .;af;ah' yuqod fufyhùfuys olaIfhl= jQ m<fjks úchndyq rg tlafiai;a lf<ah' fyf;u uyd¾> jQ ukrï o<od ueÿrla lrjd o<od jykafiag i;;fhka uymqo lrùh' YS% úchndyq rcqf.a wK mßÈ kdhl foajfiakdm;s ^kqjr., foaj fifkúr;a;¾& úiska lrjQ wgodf.h kñka ye¢kafjk oka; Od;= ukaÈrfhys wdrlaIdj wrNhd W;a;ruQ, úydrfhys jev úiQ uq.,ka uyf;reka jykafiaf.a Wmfoiska —fï YS% oka; Od;= ukaÈrh Tfí Ndrfha mj;Sjd˜ lshd fõ<hlaldr yuqodfõ wdrlaIdjg m;al< nj lshefõ' fõ<hlaldr yuqodj oka; Od;= ukaÈrh —uqkare lhs;a;sre fõ<hlaldrka o<odhsmafmreïm,a,s˜ hk Y=oaO kduh § tys wdrlaIdj tla tla yuqod LKavhg mjrd o<od ud,s.dj i;= .ï ìï o" fiajlhka o" ish¿ foam, o" t;kg meñfKk ish¨ fokd o fõ<hlaldr mrmqr mj;sk ;dlal,a Èú ysñfhka wdrlaId lsÍug im: l<y' fï jkdys o<odfõ wdrlaIdj úfoaYSh yuqodjlg mejrE m%:u wjia:dj jkafkah' fõ,laldrhka jk j<xffl" bvxffl" isrekdkï" ms,af,hs.,a;dkï" jvql¾" uff,hd<¾" mßjdrla flda;a;ï" m<l,ffk" hk ish¿ fokd fuu .súiqug tl`. jQy' ;U ;yvqfjys yd .f,ys fldgd we;s bry| mj;skd ;=re fkdkeiS mj;S hkqfjka m%ldYs; fuu .súiqu Èú we;s f;la /lSug fõ<hlaldr yuqodj ne£ isáhy'

m<fjks úchndyq rcqf.a wejEfuka fmdf<dkakrefõ rc jQ m%n, tä;r md,lhd jQfha;a o<od jykafia yd iïnkaO iqúfYaIs rcl= jYfhka ie,lsh yelafla;a uydmrdl%undyq rc;=udh' o<odj fmdf<dkakrejg jevu jQ wjia:dfjys uydmrdl%undyq rc;=ud kqjr ueo iqoï inh n÷ o<od ueÿrla lrjd rc ueÿf¾ isg fhdÿkla muK u`. iu fldg ilid" f;drka n|jd f;drka hg l=iqï oï t,af,k mq,aúhka me<,sfhka o fldä pdur yd kdkd mqIamhkaf.ka o irid" u`. fomi ;eô,s" flfi,a" mqjla" fmd,a wdÈfhka yd mqka l,iska o irijd w,xldr lrjd ta uyd¾> o<od ukaÈrh wd,l ukaodj fia ieriSh'

udye`.s ñKs rejkla lKjd th iqj| iqKska mqrjd W;=ï o<od jykafia tys jvd ys÷jd ta ñKs rejk rejka uqjd lr`vqjl nyd ta lr`vqj ;j;a udye`.s rkauqjd lr`vqjl ;ekam;a fldg b;d is;al¿ u`vqfjl mKjk ,o uy`.= we;sß<s w;=< wiqfkl iqj|u,a we;sßhl ;ekam;a flf<ah'
uydmrdl%undyq rc;=ud ^l%s' j' 1153 - 1186& o<od jykafia ;uka i;= ùfï m%S;sfhka kdkdúO mQcd flfrñka uy fmryeßka Od;= hq.auh f.k u`.g ms<smka wjia:dfjys wyi mqrd jeys j<d ke.S fmryer .uka .kakd u.ska neyerj wks;a ish¿ ;kays jg jeiafika jeõ msÍ .sh whqre         —ysref.a rYañ mka;Ska wka;¾Odk fldg f.k ish¿ wdldi ;,h uqyj flfrñka È.= ì;a jid me;srf.k uy;a jQ wld, fï>hla jiafka hhs kej; kej; is;kafkda uy;a ÿla wh;a is;a we;af;da jQy' tl,ays ta uyd fï>h f;fï;a W;aij ia:dkfhka neyer jeis oyßka oeä .xj;=r we;af;a ieu ;ekays jeõ mqrjdÆy' hkqfjka uydjxYh mjihs' wyfiys jeys j,d ke.S jeis jeiaiùfï úIañ; n,hla o<od jykafia uq,a fldg we;ehs weoys,s yd úYajdihla m<uqfjks mrdl%undyq rcq ;=< o mej;s nj fmkS hhs'

Tyqf.a wejEfuka fmdf<dkakrefõ rc meñKs lS¾;s ksYaYxlu,a, rc;=ud ruH jQ o<od ueÿrla ieg mehlska yegodf.h kñka lrùh' t;=ud ;u mq;a ùrndyq l=ure yd ¥ i¾jdx. iqkaoÍ l=ußh o<od jykafiag mQcd fldg rka od.enla lrjd h<s ksoyia lrjd.;a nj yegodf.a mqjre ,smsfhka fy<sfõ'

fmdf<dkakre rdcOdksfha wjidk Nd.fhys rcqka ;ekQ fiakdm;Ska we;=¿ n,ldókaf.a wufkda{ l%shd ksid ÿ¾j, jQ foaYmd,k ;;ajh m%fhdackhg .;a ld,sx. ud> l%s' j' 1215 § u,nd¾ fin¿ka 24"000 l muK fiakdjla iu`. meñK fmdf<dkakrej ch.;af;ah'

fuu l=ßre md,lhkaf.ka rg .,jd.kq jia YS% ix>fndaê rdcjxYsl ;=kajk úchndyq rcq jkaks rc njg meñK oUfoKsh wi< keïnUr isg fiakd ikakoaOj udhdrg wfkl=;a wêm;Skaf.a iyh ,nd øúv n,h ì| oeóug lghq;= lf<ah' oUfoKsfhys wNskj rdcOdkshla msysgqjd rdcH Wreuh ;yjqre lr.kq jia ud>f.a wOd¾ñl l%shd ksid wdrlaIdj m;d uqyqÈka tf;r jevu l< jd.sYajrd§ uyf;reka uydud;Hhka hjd h<s furg jevujd oka; Od;=ka jykafia yd md;%d Od;=ka jykafia jev isákafka fld;ekoehs úuid ne,Sh' Od;= hq.auh fld;auf,a mõfjys jev isák nj oek ta uyf;reka fmrgq fldg fiakd iu`. rc fmryßka tys .sfhah' m¾j;fha yd;ami kkaúO mQcd mj;ajd ieKfl<s fmryßka oUfoKshg jevuùh' w.kqjfrys o<odj ;ekam;a lsÍfuka ud> we;=¿ i;=rkaf.ka t,a, úhyels i;=re Wmøj i,ld wkd.;fha kej; rdcka;rhla we;s jqjfyd;a o<od jykafiag .eyegla fkdùu i|yd jvd;a iqrlaIs; fn,s., m¾j;fhys ^ì,a,fi,& mjqre fodrgq wdÈfhka iqrlaIs; fldg w,xldr o<od ueÿrla ;kjd o<od jykafia uy;a ieKfl<s fmryßka wdor nqyquka iys;j tys ;ekam;a lf<ah' tysu ix>djdihla lrjd okajeg ;njd Od;=ka jykafia,dg W;=ï jQ mQcd úê ukdj meje;aùug jHjia:d mekùh'

;=kafjks úchndyqf.ka miq Tyq mq;a fojk mrdl%undyq oUfoKsfhys rcù o<od Wreuh ,eîh' t;=ud rdcdNsfIalfhka miq oka; Od;=ka jykafia fn,s., m¾j;fhka oUfoKshg jvujd rc ud,s.dj wdikakfhys ud,s.d., kï m¾j;fhys ruH jQ oka; Od;= ukaÈrhla ;kjd tys uOHfhys udyd¾> wdikhla mkjd thg udye`.s we;sßhla fhdod uydudKslHhlska wdOdrlhla lrjd bkamiq kej;;a úÑ;% udKslHhlska Bg o wdOdrlhla lrjd ukyr ñKs lr`vqjla o Bg wdOdr fldg iaj¾K ksIalhka mkaoyilska nn<k fofjks lr`vqjla o miqj ߧ ksIalhka úismka oyilska ;=kajk lr`vqjla o ;kjd Od;=ka jykafia tys ;ekam;a lf<ah' oka; Od;=ka jykafiaf.a m%d;syd¾hhla olskq leue;af;a ;ud hqoaOfhys mr i;=rka u¾Okh fldg f,dal Ydikh j¾Okh lrkafkïoehs is;d odGd Od;=ka jykafia hym;a jQ m%d;syd¾hhla olajkafka kï uekjehs lshd lrk ,o i;H ls%hdfjka wk;=rej o<od jykafia wyig mek ke.s Ôjudk nqÿrejla ujd ijKla .K nqÿ/ia úysod m%d;syd¾hh olajd uydix>hd yd ckhd nqoaOd,ïNk m%S;sfhka n,d isáh§ rcqf.a foda;g jevujQ nj uydjxYh" o<od mQcdj,sh" mQcdj,sh jeks uQ,dY%hkaf.ka lshefõ' fufia ta wisßu;a fm<yr yd úis;=re fmryr isÿ jQ fojk mrdl%undyq rcqf.a wNsfIalfhka úis fojk j¾Ifha§ t;=ud widoH frda.hlg ,laúh' tl, uy ksh`.hla yd ÿ¾NslaIhla we;súh' tl,ays msß;a iÊcdhkd fldg mQfcdamdydr olajd o<od jykafia jvdf.k kqjr meol=Kq lrjd rc f;fï j¾Idj jiSjdhs wêIaGdk lf<ah' tl,ays wyfiys uyj,d ke.S wyi .=.=rejd ksh.h fl<jr fldg uyjeis jiskakg úh' jeis jeiaiùfuys,d o<od jykafia ;=< we;s úIañ; n,h fuu.ska o ikd: jkafkah'

fojk mrdl%undyq rc;=ud ;u wjidk ld,fhys uyd ix>hd bÈßfhys o<od jykafia yd md;%d Od;=ka jykafia yd rdcHh o wdrlaId fldg /ln,d .ekSu i|yd iajlSh jeäuy,a mq;a fndai;a úchndyq ^isõjk úchndyq - l%s' j' 1271 - 1273& fj; mjrk ,§' t;=ud oUfoKsfhys merKs o<od ueÿr yd fmdf<dkakrefõ o<od ueÿre ms<silr lrjd uy;a ne;sfhka mqo i;aldr lf<ah'

oUfoKsfha§ wìfiia ,enQ m<fjks nqjfklndyq rcq l%s' j' 1273 § oUfoKsfhys rcù hdmyqjg f.dia fi!Nd.Hfhka nn,k w;sYhska úia;SrK rdcOdkshla lrjd tys rc ueÿr wdikakfhys ukyr o<od ueÿrla ;kjd o<od jykafia tys ;ekam;a fldg ojila ojila mdid mqo i;aldr meje;aùh'
fmdf<dkakre rdcOdksfhka miq f.dvke.=kq o<od ud,s.d w;frka jvd;a úis;=re fuu o<od ukaÈrh ol=Kq bka§h .Dy ks¾udK l,djkaf.a wdNdih ukdj úoyd olajkafkah' m<fjks nqjfklndyq rcq tfldf<dia jirla o<od Ndrldr;ajh ord l%s' j' 1284 § foõf,dj iem;a úh'

tl,ays tu j¾Ifha§u idhla we;sù rdcHh ÿ¾j, jQ úfgl m`ärg mianE rcqka úiska lrk ,o kshuh mßÈ fuys meñKs wd¾hpl%j¾;s kï n,j;a fifkúhd ^l%s' j' 1283 - 1284& fiakd iu`. ,laÈj hdmyqjg meñK oka; Od;=ka jykafia iu`. idrOkh meyerf.k m`ärg l=,fialr rcq fj; heùh' t;eka isg l%s' j' 1287 muK olajd jir ;=kla muK o<od jykafia wmg wysñ úh'

fï w;r l%s' j' 1286 rc jQ fndai;a úchndyqf.a mq;% ;=kajk mrdl%undyq olaI fyajdfhl= iu`. m`ärg f.dia l=,fialr rcq yuqù neyeoel i;=gq idóÑfhka trcq myojdf.k o<od jykafia h<s ,ndf.k l%s' j' 1287 § ,laÈjg jevujd fmdf<dkakrefjys fmr mej;s oka; Od;= ukaÈrfhys ;ekam;a fldg Èkm;d mqo i;aldr lf<ah' fufia ;=kajk mrdl%undyq rcq m`ä rcq yd ñ;% ù fyd| ys; olajd o<od Wreuh h<s Èkd .;af;ah'

m<fjks nqjfklndyq rcqf.a w;scd; mq;% fojk nqjfklndyq rcq ál l,la hdmyqfjys isg fiakd iu`. we;=.,amqrh rdcOdksh njg m;a lr.;af;ah' fu;=ud fmdf<dkakrefõ rc l< ;=kajk mrdl%undyq rcq fkrmd l%s' j' 1310 § mq,ia;smqrfhka o<odj we;=.,amqrhg jevujd tys ;ekam;a fldg mqo i;aldr lf<ah'

l%s' j' 1314 § isxydikdrEV jQ y;rjk mrdl%undyq ^l%s' j' 1314 - 1346& rcqf.a ld,h o<od jykafia yd iïnkaOfhka b;d jeo.;a ld,hls' fojk nqjfklndyq rcqf.a w;scd; mq;%hd jQ ta isõjk mrdl%undyq kf¾kaø f;fï iajlSh rdcx.Kfhys ì;= geôka yd is;=jñka ukyr jQ rka f;drKska yd rka fodr ndfjka hq;a is;al¿ ;=ka uy,a o<od ueÿrla lrjd úis;=re j;ska yd mgms<sfhka úhka ne| rka ߧ uq;= ud,djka t,a,d irid rejKska nn,k m¾hxlhla mkjd th jgd rka fodr rka ߧ l,ia fhdod tys o<od lr`vqj yd mdod lr`vqj wdor iys;j ;ekam;a fldg iqj| u,ska" iqj| ÿñka yd nn,k mykska o fkdfhla odk udkdÈfhka o" mxpdx.;+¾h yd kq¾;s .S; jdokdÈfhka o i¾j{ Od;= mQcd ufyda;aijh Èkm;d meje;aùh'

isõjk mrdl%undyqf.a wjidk ld,fhys fndaodmdudKka úiska t,a, lrk ,o le/,a, ksid;a W;=re w¾Ooaùmfhys n,j;aj isá øúvdêm;s wd¾h pl%j¾;sf.a n,mEu ksid;a NslaIQka jykafia we;=¿ ck;dj l=reKE., rdcOdksh w;yer oud rg wNHka;rhg m,d f.dia udhdrgg we§ f.dia uyje,s .`. wdY%s; .`.isßmqr .ïm, m%:u jrg rdcOdksh fldgf.k nqjfklndyq wdÈmdojrhd n,hg m;aúh' Tyqf.a rdfcHdaoh l%s' j' 1341 § isÿúkehs ,xld;s,lh yd .v,dfoksh fi,a,sms j,ska mejfia' .ïm, rdcOdksh lr.;a isõfjks nqjfklndyq ;u rdcH ld,fhys iajlSh rdcH Wreuh ;yjqre lr.ekSug o<od jykafia o jevujd .;af;a hehs uQ,dY% idOl olakg fkdue;s jqj o i,ld.; yelsh' fï rcq lrjQ o<od ueÿrla .ek i|yka fkdfj;;a .`.isßmqr kshï.ïmdh rcuyd úydrfhys o<od jykafia ;ekam;a lr ;snQ nj wo olajd;a mj;sk ck úYajdihkaf.ka o ;yjqre fõ' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh wkqj f.dvke.S we;s fuys m%;sud .Dyfha wä;d,u lKq yd oajdr fi,auqjd jqj o ì;a;s yd jy, ;ekù we;af;a .fvd,ska yd oejfhks' isõfjks nqjfklndyq rcq ^l%s' j' 1341& rdcH ld,fhys .ïm, kshï.ïmdh rcuyd úydrfhys o<od jykafia jvd ys÷jd mqo i;aldr l<ehs i,ld.; yelsh'

foaYmd,k fmr<shlska miq ;=kajk úl%undyq ^l%s' j' 1347 - 1360& rcúh' .ïm, rc jQfha miajk nqjfklndyq rcqh' ^l%s' j' 1372 - 1408& ߧ i;aoyilska lr`vqjla lrjd oka; Od;=j jvd i;;fhka wdor we;sj mQcd l< nj i|yka ùfuka o<od jykafia .ïm, jevisá whqre is;d.; yelsh' miajk nqjfklndyq rcq miq lf,l fldaÜfÜ rdcOdkshg f.dia tys jdih lf<ah' miajk nqjfklndyqg miqj rcjQ ùrndyq o<od is;=ñKs rejk iu`. .ïm,ska yia;idr jia;=j o f.k chj¾Okmqr fldaÜfÜg .sh nj wia.sß ;,am; i|yka lrhs'

.ïfmd, rdcOdkshg miq úfoaYSh fj<|du yd W;=f¾ wd¾hpl%j¾;sf.a wdl%uK uq,a fldg fldaÜfÜ rdcOdksh ìysúh' —.sßjxYdNscd; jQ w,.lafldakdr kï jQ f;acia yd Y%oaOd§ .=KdNrK we;a;djQ m%N+rdchd f,dal idikdNsjDoaêh lrkq leue;sj —orud.u iómfhys jQ uyúf,ys uymjqre j<,af,ka yd fodr fldgq wdÈfhka fyìhdjQ chj¾Ok fldaÜfÜ kñka m%isoaO jQ kqjr lf<ah'

yhjk mrdl%undyq ñysm;s f;u fldaÜfÜ rc úh' uqkSkaøhka jykafiaf.a o<odj Wfoid ;=ka uy,a ukrï jQ reÑr o¾Yk we;s m%didohla lrjd kjr;akfhka ukd fldg n|kd ,o rka lr`vqjla o" th jid kdkdm%ldr ldka;sfhka nn<kakd jQ W;=ï ueKsla n|kd ,o wkH jQ rka lr`vqjla o" tho we;=,a fldg rka lr`vqjla o" w;=,H jQ uy;a W;=ï lr`vqjla o" fldg W;=ï ldka;su;a iaj¾Kfhka wdf,am fldg" njiqj yd ksjka iqj m;d ta W;=ï lr`vq i;frys o<odj ;ekam;a fldg kkaúO mQcdfjka ms¥ whqre úia;r fõ'

y;ajk nqjfklndyq rcqg miq mD;=.Siska weiqfrys isg fn!;Siau ,enQ O¾umd, l=ure mD;=.Siska úiska isyiqkg m;alrk ,§' fï rcq mD;=.Siskag mlaImd;j l%sia;shdkh je<| wkHd.ñlfhl= njg m;aùu;a rdcH md,kfha wia:djr;ajh;a fya;=fldg o<od jykafiaf.a wdrlaIdjg ;¾ckhla fj;ehs l,amkd l< o<od jykafiaf.a wdrlaIdj Ndrj isá ishkE fldar<fha lSrje,af,a ysßmsáfha Èjkrd< lD;su o<odjla ;nd kshu o<od jykafia ;u isßh fldmqfjys i`.jdf.k Èhjkakd Tfhka tf;frj iS;djlg ,.dù o<od jykafia iS;djlg /f.k f.dia udhdÿkafka rcqg Ndr ÿkafkah' udhdÿkafka rcq jvd;a iqrlaIs; ia:dkhla fia i,ld l=reúg inr.uq uydúydrh kñka m%lgj ;snQ fo,a.uq rcuyd úydrhg mi`.;=re iys; uy;a mqo fm<yeßka jevu lrjd uyskaod,xldr udysñhka fj; f;ajd mqo isß;a ms<sfj;a meje;aùu i|yd Ndrfok ,§' uyskaod,xldr udysñhka jykafia o<od jykafiaf.a jeä wdrlaIdj i|yd úYd, l=ryka .,la lrjd ta ;=< i`.jd úydrf.hs oywgßhka ms<su jykafiag msgqmi wdikhl ;ekam;a fldg ish¨ mqo isß;a fkdlv fldg bgql<ehs ckm%jdohkaf.ka mejfia'