md,s mßydr Yíod¾:fhka ì£ ú;a isxy, NdId jHjydrfhys tk fmryr hkafkys Ndú; jpkd¾: lSmfhlau olakg ,efí' bka nqÿ" mfia nqÿ" uy ry;ka jykafia yd fiiq W;a;uhka Wfoid;a  o<od jykafia jeks mqcH jia;=ka úIfhys;a f.!rj mqo i;aldrh msKssi li lrejka" fldä fiai;a .;a;jqka" keÜgqjka" mxp ;+¾h jdolhka"  w,s we;=ka" wd§ka fm<g hEu w¾: .ekaù o<od jykafia úIfhys mQfcdamdydr msKsi fm<g hdu o<od fmryr fyj;a wei< fmryr kñka m%lgj mj;s' j¾Ifha wei< mqr mif,diajl fmdah Èkg fyda kslsKs mqr mif<diajl fmdah Èkg wjika rkafoda,s uy fmryr fhfok fia fuu fmryr jd¾Islj meje;afõ'

mKi jDlaIfha Ydldjla f.k ^fndfydúg laISr j¾.fha fldia .il& isjq uyd foajd,hka ys wei< lm isgqùfuka foajd, wNHka;r fmryr myla o bka wk;=rej ùÈ ixpdrh flfrk l=U,a fmryr myla o rkafoda,S fmryr myla o wjika rkafoda,s uy fmryr wjidkfha uOHu rd;%sfhys f.äf.a úydrhg fmryr lr`vqj jevujk fmryr o miq Èk oj,a fmryr o meje;aùfuka wei< fmryr ux.,a,h wjika fõ' wk;=rej rfÜ md,l m%Odkhd jk w;s.re ckdêm;s ;=ud fj; fmryr ixfoaYh ms<s.ekaùu o Y%S úIaKq foajd,fha meje;afjk j<shla kegqu o iqúfYaIS ;ekla .kS' wei< fmryf¾ m<uqj .uka lrkqfha Y%S o<od ud,s.dfõ fmryrhs' fojkqj wkq ms<sfj,ska kd:" úIaKq" l;r.u yd Y%S m;a;sks foajd, fmryr o .uka lrkq ,efí'

o<od fmryr fyj;a wei< fmryr ux.,a,h foia úfoia krUkakkaf.a fk;a is;a weo ne| .kakd wisßu;a ux., iïu; fmryr ux.,a,hls' fuls  fmryr  wdrïN  jQfha  ls;aisßfujka rcq ^l%s'j 301-328&  oji o<od jykafia ,laÈjg jevu ùu;a iu`.h' uydjxYfha i|yka jk whqre —rc f;fï kj ,laIhla ok úi|d o<od uy fmryr lf<ahs' —wjqreÿ m;d wNh.sß úydrhg jvd f.k f.dia oka; Od;=jg fun÷ mQcd lrjhs' —ksfhda. lf<ah hkafkka th ikd: fjhs'

mdyshxf.a foaYdgk jd¾;dfjys rcf;fï ;=ka jk ui ueo§ § ^wei< ui& nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a o<odj fmkajkq ,efí' fuhg Èk oyhlg fmrd;=j lSfuys ìkSfuys olaI ñksil= rc we÷ï" me<÷ï" y|jd m<|jd" fudkjg ieriQ we;layq msg k`.jd kqjr yeúo wK fnr .id fufia lshkag i,iajhs' —fndai;dKka jykafia wfils lmla uy;a jer jvd fmreï msrE fial' ish iem myiq fkd;ld ish rch o" ish ìij o" orejka o" oka ÿka fial' ;uka weia W.=,a,d th b,a,d wdjqkg ÿka fial' wo isg oi Èklska ta nqÿ rÿkaf.a o<odj t<shg jevujd wNh.sß fjfyrg muqKqjkq ,efí' mska leu;s ish,af,da u. iu flfr;ajd' fldfõ" uyfõ iri;ajd' mqo msKsi u,a yd iqj| ms<sfh, flfr;ajd hkqfjka flfrk úia;rfhka toji wei< fmryer ixúOdkh jq wdldrh lshfjhs'

fufia wkqrmqr ls;aisßfujka uy rcqf.a mgka ,laÈj ishM rcjre" i;=re wdmod iïmkak wjia:djkays yer" wka yeu úgu" o<od fmryr ukdfia ne;sfhka meje;ajQy'

fmdf<dkakre iufha uyd mrdl%ndyq rcq úiska o hglS mßÈ uyd jxYfha i|yka jk whqre rc f.or mgka fhdokla ;eka u`. w;=,a ;,hla fihska iu;,d lrjd ish¨ i;=kaf.a jefvys we¿fka yeu ;ekays is;shï orkakd jQ f,daldkkaohg fya;= jq f;drka lrjd f;drka hg kka l=iqï tf,k úis;=re j¾K we;s mq,a úhka me<,s n|jd" f;drka geï tlla mdid kka j¾Kfhka jid ne| ta geï uqÿkq;a P;% pdur mka;Ska yd kdkd mqIam o" úis;=re fldäfhka o" mqcdjg iqÿiq wkHjq fohska o" irid fmryr pu;aldr f,i meje;aùh' fmdf<dkakre hq.fha uyd mrdl%undyq rcq iufha mej;s wei< fmryer ux.,a,h wkqrmqr mej;s wei< fmryer ux.,a,hg;a jvd úÑ;%j meje;a jQ nj uekúka ia:qg fõ'

uyd jxYfha tk úia;rhg wkqj ish¿ wdNrKhkaf.ka ieriqKq ùKd" jia l=<,a" uDox. fNaÍ.;a ckhd uy;a rEm fYdaNdfjka hq;= jQ kD;H .S; jdokdÈfhka mQcd flrñka" fmryfrys .uka .;ay' c;%" pdur" Oc m;ldÈh /f.k hkakka o" we;a;= o" wYajfhda o .uka lf<dah' rcq úis;=re wdNrKfhka ieriS we;= msg ke.S .uka lf<ah' jeõ msÍ hk ;rug j¾Idj o m;s; úh'
oUfoKs rdcOdksfhys o fmryr jd¾Islj meje;aúk' fojk mrdl%undyq rcq oji fmryr mej;s whqre jxYl;djkaf.ka fy<sfõ' tys§ fmdf<dkakre hq.fha meje;s fmryrg;a jvd W;al¾Ij;a f,i fmryr meje;ajQ nj fmfka' f;uila mqrd W;aij meje;ajq nj o o<od fmryrg wur;j foajd, fmryrla o Bg tla jQ nj o mejfia'

o<od jykafia jev isá iEu rdcOdkshlu mdfya wei< fmryr meje;a jQ nj is;d .; yelsh' ta wkqj hdmyqj rdcOdksfha o wei< fmryr w,s we;=ka úYd, ixLHdjlf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka fldä fiai;a pdur iys;j ùÈ ixpdrh l< nj lshefõ'

l=reKE., hq.fhys isõjk mrdl%undyq rcq oji k.rh foúmqrhla fia iryd W;=reMuqM wh;eka isá;eka .Kjeis ls,sx fol=,fhka ksiaika iu`. jevyqka lrvqj .|ls,sfhka uE;a fldg úis;=re fldg iryk ,o r:fhys Nødikhg jvd .Kjeis ls,sx fol=,fhka fokakl= lr`vqj jvd hk f,i r:hg kef.kqj bid hkqfjka o" iqn ,l=fKka hq;a uyd we;l= r:fhys fhdod ta r:h m<uq fldg iqms<smka uy i`.k ms<sfj,ska r:fhys ne| msß;a yqh f.k msß;a flfrñka jvkdj bid hkqfjka o" fodrkd jeis l=,fhka ksis tll= ,jd ߧ lgdrfhka kqjr msß;a meka biajkqj bid hkqfjka o" r:fhys fomi isg pdur yd fiai;a lrkqj bid hkqfjka o" o<odf.ys Oqrh yd úÊc;=ka r:h .djd bÈßfhka hkqj bid hkqfjka o o<od isß; kue;s fmdf;ys i|yka jHjia:djkag wkqj tjlg fmryr mej;s wdldrh  úia;r fõ' o<od isßf;ys tk fmryr pdß;% fndfydauhla wLKavj wo olajd;a mej;f.k ths'
l=reKE., rdcOdksfha isg .`.isßmqr rdcOdkshg;a" t;eka isg  fldaÜfÜ rdcOdkshg;a" bka wk;=rej is;djl rdcOdksfha  fo,a.uqj rcuyd úydrhg;a" o<od jykafia  jevujq nj jxYl;dj, i|yka fõ' tls rdcOdkSka ;=< o Ñrd.; idïm%odhdkql=,j wei< fmryer ux.,a,h meje;ajq nj wkdjrKh fõ'

1592 m<uq jk úu,O¾uiqßh rcq oji Y%S o<od jykafia fixlv., mqr rdcOdkshg jevu ùfuka wk;=rej o wei< fmryr ux.,a,h mj;ajdf.k wd nj i,ld .; yelsh'

uykqjr hq.fhys fojk rdcisxy rcq oji isrlrejl=j isá frdnÜ fkdlaia ÿgq  fmryf¾ bÈßfhka lmqrd, flfkl= mg ms<sfhka T;d irik ,o ,Shla lr;nd f.k uqLjdvï neo yia;shl= msg ke.s ùÈ ixpdrh fldg we;s nj;a" ck;dj thg mqo i;aldr l< nj;a" úia;r fõ' we;a;= 40 la muK o" fnr ojq,a ;ïueÜgï jhkakjqka o" keÜgqfjda o" fï fmryf¾ .uka l<y' Tyqf.a úia;rhg wkqj tu fmryr foúhkag lem jQjla nj fmfka'

fuu ld,mßÉfþoh jk úg wei< fmryr foaúhkag mqfcdamydrh msKsi mej;s isõuyd foajd,fha fmryr jYfhka meje;ajqk nj bka wkdjrKh fõ'

lS¾;s YS% rdcisxy rcq ^l%s'j 1747 - 1781& oji l%s'j 1753 § o<od fmryr fmrgq fldg kd:" úIaKq" l;r.u" m;a;sks isõ uyd foajd,h wkqms<fj,g .uka .kakd wdldrhg wei< fmryr ux.,a,h meje;aùu wdrïN úh' t;eka isg wo olajdu fuu fmryer ux.,a,h Ñrd.; iïm%odhdkql=,j Y%S o<od ud,s.dj fmrgqfldg meje;afõ'

fcdaka fâõ yd fj,a,iafia Èidj ÿgq fmryer úia;rfha i|yka jk mßÈ k.rh foõmqrhla fia irid ;snqKs' ta ta ks,hka yÿkd.ekSu i|yd wod, fldä iys;j o" we;=ka wiqka .Kkdjla o" úúO fldä pdur orkafkda o" rcfha ks,Odßyq o" lvq .;af;da o" m,ia orkafkda o" fy,a, orkafkda o" fldä lia;dk orkafkda o" úfoaYslfhda o" fkdfhla NdIdjkays ksmqKfhda o" Ys,amSyq o" ia;%Syq o" .uka l<y' wk;=rej uyd ckhd o .uka .;ay' fuu fmryef¾ rc;=ud o  uy;a f;aciska .uka .;af;ah' fufia fmryer k.rh m%olaIsKd l< w;r Od;= lrvqj irid u,ajeis jeiaiùh'

rcq m;a;sßmamqjg meñfKk ;=re r|,jre yuqod ks,Odßyq yd fiiq ks,OdÍyq ;ukg we;s Wiiau we÷ñka ieriS ;ukag fjkajQ fldäh o /f.k isá;s' ߧ hIaáh /.;a wÈldrïjre fofokd o" wxl=ih w;ska .;a .ckdhl ks,fï o meñKsfuka wk;=rej" rcq m;a;sßmamqfõ fmkS isá;au m%iia;s .dhkd wdrïN úh'
rcq uyÈldru wu;d ta ta ÈYdj, wh fm< .eiS isákafkaoehs úuihs' wÈldrïjrhd ta j. oekajq miq rcqf.a kshufhka fmryr wdrïN fõ'

fj,a,iafia Èidj yd fcdaka fâõ ÿgq  fmryef¾ wkqms<sfj, fufia  jq nj uq,dY%hkays oelafõ'

01- f,alï ñáh mkayso iu`. f,alï

02- yia;shd uy fldäh iu`. .ckdhl ks,fï

03- fldä ;=jlal= f,alï yd Tyq msßjrd.;a fldä;=jlal= msßi yd fldä;=jlal= uy fldäh

04- w;a ;=jlal= yd y;r fldarf<a Èidjg wh;a fldä iys; ks,Odßka yd msßi- bry| uy fldäh

05- y;a fldarf<a jeisfhda - isxyhd uy fldäh

06- W!fõ jeisfhda - yxihd uy fldäh

07- ud;f,a jeisfhda - iqÿ uy fldäh

08- inr.uqfõ jeisfhda - lymdg mgfrÈ uy fldäh

09- j,mfka jeisfhda - uhqr uy fldäh

10- Wvm<df;a jeisfhda - fk¿ï u,a uy fldäh

11- kqjr l,dúh - .cisxy uy fldäh

12- fj,a,iafia fldáhd uy fldäh

13- ìï;ekafka .srjd uy fldäh

14- ;ukalvqj j,yd uy fldäh

15- Wvqkqjr hákqjr ;=ïmfka' ydßiam;a;=j ÿïnr" fyajdyeg" fld;auf,a" Wvnq,;a.u" md; nq,;a.u hk rfÜ uy;ajre we;=¿ fldä

16- frÈ j,ska wdjrKh lrk ,o WK ,S len,s j,ska ;ekq rEm

17- lrvqj /.;a ud<s.dfõ we;d' Bg msgqmiska fiiq we;=ka msrjere ckhd

18- kdhlal¾ f,alï ks,amdg fldäh

19- w;m;a;= f,alï fldäh

20- jvk ;=jlal= Ndr f,alï iqÿ mdg fldäh

21- fjälaldr f,alï r;=mdg fldäh

22- Oc m;dl f.khkakjqka

23- mxp;=¾h kdoh

24- keÜgqjka

25- Èhjvk ks,fï

26- fiiq ks,lrefjda

27- kd: foajd,fha we;d" fnrlrefjda' msßjr ckhd iu. niakdhl ks,fï

28- úIaKq foajd,fha we;d" fnrlrefjda' msßjr ckhd iu. niakdhl ks,fï

29- l;r.u foajd,fha we;d" fnrlrefjda' msßjr ckhd iu. niakdhl ks,fï

30- m;a;sks foajd,fha we;d" fnrlrefjda' msßjr ckhd iu. niakdhl ks,fï

fmryer fldä;=jlal= m;a;= lsÍfuka werôK' bka wk;=rej Wia yäka fnr k,d jdok wefia'